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Fig. 2. Time-calibrated phylogeny ("chronogram") of land plants. Phylogeny is one of 12 most parsimonious trees based on the rbcL data, rooted among monocots (with Oryza sister to all other angiosperms), with Chara removed after calculation of branch lengths to simplify comparisons. Ages were estimated by maximum likelihood from all positions of the rbcL gene. In this and subsequent chronograms, the model used was HKY85 + 
+ cl (see text), the age of the angiosperm crown group is indicated next to the arrow, and the geological time scale is in millions of years ago (mya). Full names of geological periods: Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary
