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(American Journal of Botany. 2009;96:707-712.)
doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800005
© 2009 Botanical Society of America, Inc.
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Brief Communication

Chloroplast diversity in a putative hybrid swarm of Ponderosae (Pinaceae)1

Bryan K. Epperson2,5, Frank W. Telewski3 and Ann Willyard4

2 Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA 3 W. J. Beal Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA 4 Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069 USA

ABSTRACT

The Ponderosae subsection of the genus Pinus contains numerous taxa in disjunct mountain ranges of southern Arizona and New Mexico, differing for several leaf and cone traits, key among which is the number of leaf needles per fascicle. Trees with three needles are often found together with trees having five needles and mixed numbers. One taxonomic hypothesis is that there are swarms of hybrids between P. ponderosa and P. arizonica. A second hypothesis is that there are spatial mixtures of two separate taxa, five-needle P. arizonica and a "taxon X" containing three needle and mixed needle trees. We genotyped chloroplasts in one putative hybrid swarm on Mt. Lemmon using microsatellite markers and show that cpDNA is almost completely differentiated between two separate morphotypes corresponding to P. arizonica and "taxon X." Little if any introgression has occurred on Mt. Lemmon, and the simplest explanation is that little or no effective hybridization has occurred. Further results indicate that not only is taxon X not of hybrid origin, it is more closely related to nonregional Ponderosae other than P. ponderosa and P. arizonica. The results further suggest that other putative hybrid swarms in the region are also spatial mixtures of distinct taxa.

Key Words: chloroplast microsatellites • hybridization • introgression • Pinaceae • Pinus ponderosa • Pinus arizonica • Ponderosae • spatial genetic structure

Received for publication 7 January 2008. Accepted for publication 18 November 2008.

FOOTNOTES

1 The authors thank D. Gernandt, A. Liston, M. Nepokroeff, and J. Reynoldson.

5 Author for correspondence (e-mail: epperson{at}msu.edu), fax: 517- 432-1143


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