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First published online February 12, 2009; doi:10.3732/ajb.0800245
American Journal of Botany 96: 549-564 (2009)
© 2009 Botanical Society of America, Inc.
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Anatomy and Morphology

Diversification of inflorescence development in the PCK clade (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)1

Renata Reinheimer2,4, Fernando O. Zuloaga3, Abelardo C. Vegetti2 and Raúl Pozner3

2 Morfología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agracias, National University of Litoral, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina 3 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Casilla de Correo 22, B1642HYD San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina

ABSTRACT

In grasses, inflorescence diversification and its correlation with species evolution are intriguing and not well understood. Part of this problem lies in our lack of comprehension about the inflorescence morphological complexity of grasses. We focused our study on the PCK clade (named for phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase), a well-supported monophyletic group for which the relationships among its taxa are not well resolved. Interestingly, the PCK clade has an extensive diversity of adult inflorescence forms. A comparative developmental approach can help us to understand the basis of such morphological differences as well as provide characters that can be used in phylogenetic studies of the group. Using SEM studies, we demonstrate that inflorescence morphology in this clade is even more complex than what is typically observed in adult forms. We describe a number of new characters, and some classical features previously used for taxonomic purposes are redefined on the basis of development. We also define four morphological groups combining adult inflorescence form and development, and we discuss some of the evolutionary aspects of inflorescence diversification in the PCK clade. Taxonomic delimitation among genera in the PCK clade remains confusing and unclear where molecular and morphological studies support different classifications.

Key Words: diversity • inflorescence development • Poaceae • PCK clade • SEM

Received for publication 16 July 2008. Accepted for publication 2 December 2008.

FOOTNOTES

1 The authors thank G. H. Rua, J. F. Pensiero, O. Morrone, J. de D. Muñoz, and CIAT for providing plant material. They are grateful to E. A. Kellogg, O. Morrone, and two anonymous reviewers for critical reading of different versions of the manuscript. They also thank F. Tricarico for assistance in SEM photography and J. K. Triplett for assistance with English grammar. Funding was provided in part by PIP-CONICET 2935/00 to A.V.; ANPCyT-11793, 13374, and 12065 to O.M.; PIP-CONICET-2131 to O.M.; and UNL-CAID+D 2006 to R.R.

4 Author for correspondence (e-mail: reinheimerr{at}umsl.edu; renatarein{at}fca.unl.edu.ar); present address: Department of Biology, University of Missouri of Saint Louis, One University Blvd., MO 63121 USA


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