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(American Journal of Botany. 2009;96:2048-2061.)
doi: 10.3732/ajb.0900086
© 2009 Botanical Society of America, Inc.
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Paleobotany

Tertiary leaf fossils of Mangifera (Anacardiaceae) from Li Basin, Thailand as examples of the utility of leaf marginal venation characters1

Prakart Sawangchote2,4, Paul J. Grote2,5 and David L. Dilcher3

2 School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand 3 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800 USA

ABSTRACT

The mango (Mangifera) is the most important commercial fruit in Asia and is popular worldwide. Because of uncertainty in its origin and biogeography, the study of Mangifera could be of value in elucidating its current genetic diversity and geographical distribution. We report here two new species of compressed leaves of Mangifera (Anacardiaceae) from upper Oligocene-lower Miocene lacustrine sediments in the Li Basin, northern Thailand. Leaf form and venation characters of fossil and extant leaves are presented with detailed marginal venation patterns that were found to be important in assigning the fossil leaves to Mangifera paleoindica and M. paleocaloneura. These two fossil species of Mangifera and the present occurrence of basal species of Mangifera in Thailand suggest that northern Thailand could be an area with a long history of evolution and diversification of Mangifera, particularly M. indica.

Key Words: Anacardiaceae • fossil leaves • leaf venation • Li Basin • Mangifera • marginal venation pattern • Tertiary • Thailand

Received for publication 27 March 2009. Accepted for publication 12 August 2009.

FOOTNOTES

1 The authors thank the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and Royal Golden Jubilee (RGJ) Ph.D. Program for research funding, the Florida Museum of Natural History, and the Becker/Dilcher Research Fund. They are indebted to the Bangkok Forest Herbarium (BKF) and Herbarium of Prince of Songkla University for permission to study, photograph, and obtain specimens used in this study. The authors thank T. Lott (Florida Museum of Natural History) for help with this manuscript. They also thank an anonymous reviewer plus two reviewers of an earlier version of the manuscript for helpful suggestions.

4 Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand

5 Author for correspondence (e-mail: paul{at}sut.ac.th)


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