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(American Journal of Botany. 2009;96:1869-1879.)
doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800284
© 2009 Botanical Society of America, Inc.
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Population Biology

A weed–crop complex in sorghum: The dynamics of genetic diversity in a traditional farming system1

Adeline Barnaud2,8, Monique Deu3, Eric Garine4, Jacques Chantereau5, Justin Bolteu6, Esaei Ouin Koïda6, Doyle McKey7 and Hélène I. Joly2

2 CIRAD, UMR 5175-CEFE (Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive), 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier, France 3 CIRAD, UMR Développement et Amélioration des Plantes, Montpellier, F-34398 France 4 Laboratoire d’Ethnologie et de Sociologie Comparative, CNRS, Université Paris X-Nanterre, MAE, 21 allée de l’Université, 92023 Nanterre, France 5 CIRAD, UPR Adaptation Agroécologique et Innovation Variétale, Montpellier, F-34398 France 6 Sodecoton, ESA S/C SODECOTON project, BP 302, Garoua, Cameroon 7 Université Montpellier II, UMR 5175-CEFE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France

ABSTRACT

Despite the major ecological and economic impacts of gene flow between domesticated plants and their wild relatives, many aspects of the process, particularly the relative roles of natural and human selection in facilitating or constraining gene flow, are still poorly understood. We developed a multidisciplinary approach, involving both biologists and social scientists, to investigate the dynamics of genetic diversity of a sorghum weed–crop complex in a village of Duupa farmers in northern Cameroon. Farmers distinguish a gradient from weedy morphotypes (naa baa see, haariya, and genkiya) to domesticated morphotypes; haariya and genkiya have intermediate morphological traits. We investigated the pattern of diversity in this complex using both morphological and genetic data. Our biological results are interpreted in the light of data on farmers’ taxonomy and practices such as spatial pattern of planting and plant selection. Both morphological and genetic data are congruent with farmers’ taxonomy and confirm the introgressed status of intermediate weedy morphotypes. Farmers actively select against weedy morphotypes, but several practices unconsciously favor gene flow. Furthermore, haariya and genkiya may facilitate introgression between naa baa see and domesticated morphotypes by virtue of their intermediate flowering period and their mode of management by farmers.

Key Words: agrobiodiversity • anthropology • farmers’ practices • hybridization • microsatellites • natural introgression • Poaceae • population genetics • selection • Sorghum bicolor

Received for publication 20 August 2008. Accepted for publication 20 May 2009.

FOOTNOTES

1 This work is part of the thesis of the first author, who was funded by a fellowship from the French Ministry of Research. This research was funded by a grant from the "Institut Français de la Biodiversité". The authors thank C. Billot and the Montpellier Languedoc-Roussillon Génopole and the ESA project of SODECOTON in Cameroon (in particular K. Naudin for help in implementing and O. Balarabe for coordinating the experimental field trial) for technical assistance. The authors thank the government of Cameroon for allowing our fieldwork in Wanté, and A. Moussa and the MEADEN for assistance in Cameroon. Research assistance by S. Monné and C. Khasah is gratefully acknowledged. Our greatest debt of gratitude is to the Duupa farmers of Wanté for providing the research material, for their hospitality and interest in participating in our study. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for valuable suggestions.

8 Author for correspondence (e-mail: adelinebarnaud{at}hotmail.com); present address: Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Republic of South Africa


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