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(American Journal of Botany. 2009;96:1861-1868.)
doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800395
© 2009 Botanical Society of America, Inc.
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Physiology and Biochemistry

Nondestructive estimation of anthocyanins and chlorophylls in anthocyanic leaves1

Anatoly A. Gitelson2,4, Olga B. Chivkunova3 and Mark N. Merzlyak3

2 Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA 3 Department of Physiology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University 119991, GSP-1 Moscow, Russia

ABSTRACT

The anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents in leaves provide valuable information about the physiological status of plants. Thus, there is a need for accurate, efficient, and practical methodologies to estimate these biochemical parameters of vegetation. In this study, we tested the performance and accuracy of several nondestructive, reflectance-based techniques for estimating anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents in leaves of four unrelated species, European hazel (Corylus avellana), Siberian dogwood (Cornus alba =Swida alba), Norway maple (Acer platanoides), and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), with widely variable pigment content and composition. An anthocyanin reflectance index, which uses reflectances in the green and red edge spectral bands, and a modified anthocyanin reflectance index, employing, in addition, the near-infrared (NIR) band, were able to accurately estimate leaf anthocyanin for all species taken together with no reparameterization of algorithms. Total chlorophyll content was accurately estimated by a red edge chlorophyll index that uses spectral bands in the red edge and the NIR. These approaches can be used to estimate anthocyanin and chlorophyll nondestructively and allow the development of simple handheld field instrumentation.

Key Words: anthocyanins • chlorophyll • leaves • nondestructive estimation • reflectance

Received for publication 26 November 2008. Accepted for publication 16 June 2009.

FOOTNOTES

1 This work was supported in part by a grant to A.A.G. from NASA (NNX08AI75G) and to M.N.M. (09-04-00419a) from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

4 Author for correspondence (e-mail: agitelson2{at}unl.edu)


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