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First published online September 17, 2009; doi:10.3732/ajb.0800359 American Journal of Botany 96: 1839-1848 (2009) © 2009 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

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Origins of domestication and polyploidy in oca (Oxalis tuberosa; Oxalidaceae). 3. AFLP data of oca and four wild, tuber-bearing taxa¹

² University of Wisconsin-Madison, Botany Department/Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1381 USA ³ Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecológicas de las Yungas (LIEY), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CC 34, Yerba Buena 4107, Tucumán, Argentina ⁴ Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria, Estación Experimental Andenes, Av. Micaela Bastidas # 310-314, Wanchaq, Cusco, Peru ⁵ Fundación PROINPA, Av. Meneces s/n Km.4 (El Paso), Cochabamba, Bolivia

ABSTRACT

Many crops are polyploids, and it can be challenging to untangle the often complicated history of their origins of domestication and origins of polyploidy. To complement other studies of the origins of polyploidy of the octoploid tuber crop oca (Oxalis tuberosa) that used DNA sequence data and phylogenetic methods, we here compared AFLP data for oca with four wild, tuber-bearing Oxalis taxa found in different regions of the central Andes. Results confirmed the divergence of two use-categories of cultivated oca that indigenous farmers use for different purposes, suggesting the possibility that they might have had separate origins of domestication. Despite previous results with nuclear-encoded, chloroplast-expressed glutamine synthetase suggesting that O. picchensis might be a progenitor of oca, AFLP data of this species, as well as different populations of wild, tuber-bearing Oxalis found in Lima Department, Peru, were relatively divergent from O. tuberosa. Results from all analytical methods suggested that the unnamed wild, tuber-bearing Oxalis found in Bolivia and O. chicligastensis in NW Argentina are the best candidates as the genome donors for polyploid O. tuberosa, but the results were somewhat equivocal about which of these two taxa is the more strongly supported as oca’s progenitor.

Key Words: AFLP • Andean crops • domestication • neighbor-joining • nonmetric multidimensional scaling • Oxalidaceae • Oxalis tuberosa • polyploidy

Received for publication 22 October 2008. Accepted for publication 2 July 2009.

FOOTNOTES

¹ The authors thank C. Ané for help with NMDS analysis, M. Wegener for help with mapping in ArcGIS, K. Elliot for help with figures, and the following people for help with collection of samples of wild, tuber-bearing taxa from 1995 to 2006: D. Avila, J. G. López, R. Alberco, C. Girón, M. L. Ugarte, S. Guamán, T. Villarroel, J. Almanza, G. Meza, P. Cruz, A. Castelo, H. Flores, R. Estrada, R. Ortega, C. Arbizu, M. Ramírez, and A. Andia. This study was supported by NSF DEB-0732490 (originally DEB-0426496).

⁶ Author for correspondence (e-mail: emshwiller{at}wisc.edu)

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