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(American Journal of Botany. 2008;95:1416-1425.) doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800184 © 2008 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

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Effects of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard; Brassicaceae) on mycorrhizal colonization and community structure in three herbaceous plants in a mixed deciduous forest¹

The Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Road, Kirtland, Ohio 44094 USA

ABSTRACT

Herbaceous plant species are important components of forest ecosystems, and their persistence in forests may be affected by invasive plant species that reduce mycorrhizal colonization of plant roots. I examined the effect of the invasive plant Alliaria petiolata on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonizing the roots of three forest plant species. AMF root colonization and community structure was examined from plants that were growing either in the absence or presence of Alliaria under natural forest conditions. AMF root colonization varied among the plant species but was not significantly affected by Alliaria. With molecular methods, 12 different taxa of AMF could be distinguished among the root samples, and these taxa belonged to the genera Acaulospora and Glomus, with Glomus dominating AMF communities. There were significant differences between the community of AMF colonizing roots of Maianthemum racemosum and Trillium grandiflorum, but only AMF communities of Maianthemum roots were significantly affected by Alliaria. Indicator species analysis found that an Acaulospora species type was a significant indicator of Maianthemum plants grown in the absence of Alliaria. These results suggest invasive plants like Alliaria may selectively suppress AMF fungi, and this suppression can affect AMF communities colonizing the roots of some native plant species.

Key Words: Alliaria petiolata • arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi • Arisaema triphyllum • diversity • Maianthemum racemosum • terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms • TRFLP • Trillium grandiflorum

Received for publication 3 June 2008. Accepted for publication 9 September 2008.

FOOTNOTES

¹ The author thanks S. Kalisz and the Kalisz laboratory for use of their field site and for providing the plants for this study and J. C. López-Gutiérrez and S. Carrino-Kyker for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was funded by the Holden Arboretum Trust and the Corning Institute for Education and Research.

² E-mail: dburke{at}holdenarb.org; phone: 440-602-3858; Fax: 440-602-8005; present address: Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA

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