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(American Journal of Botany. 2008;95:1307-1327.) doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800065 © 2008 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

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Brassicaceae phylogeny inferred from phytochrome A and ndhF sequence data: tribes and trichomes revisited¹

² Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 USA ³ The Arnold Arboretum, 22 Divinity Avenue, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA ⁴ Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299 USA

ABSTRACT

The family Brassicaceae comprises 3710 species in 338 genera, 25 recently delimited tribes, and three major lineages based on phylogenetic results from the chloroplast gene ndhF. To assess the credibility of the lineages and newly delimited tribes, we sequenced an approximately 1.8-kb region of the nuclear phytochrome A (PHYA) gene for taxa previously sampled for the chloroplast gene ndhF. Using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian methods, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the gene and used the approximately unbiased (AU) test to compare phylogenetic results from PHYA with findings from ndhF. We also combined ndhF and PHYA data and used a Bayesian mixed model approach to infer phylogeny. PHYA and combined analyses recovered the same three large lineages as those recovered in ndhF trees, increasing confidence in these lineages. The combined tree confirms the monophyly of most of the recently delimited tribes (only Alysseae, Anchonieae, and Descurainieae are not monophyletic), while 13 of the 23 sampled tribes are monophyletic in PHYA trees. In addition to phylogenetic results, we documented the trichome branching morphology of species across the phylogeny and explored the evolution of different trichome morphologies using the AU test. Our results indicate that dendritic, medifixed, and stellate trichomes likely evolved independently several times in the Brassicaceae.

Key Words: approximately unbiased test • Arabidopsis • Brassica • Brassicaceae • ndhF • PHYA • phylogeny • trichomes

Received for publication 19 February 2008. Accepted for publication 11 August 2008.

FOOTNOTES

¹ The authors thank members of the Kellogg Laboratory at the University of Missouri-St. Louis (UMSL), S. Fuentes, P. Stevens, two anonymous reviewers, and M. Simmons for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the E. Desmond Lee and Family Laboratory of Plant Systematics (UMSL), Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, International Center for Tropical Ecology (UMSL), and National Science Foundation (DEB-0408104 to M.A.B. and E.A.K.) provided funding for this project. Fieldwork by I.A.A.-S. was supported by National Geographic Grants 7405-03 and 7452-03. M.A.B. thanks S. Aliscioni, N. Deginani, D. Eakman, A. Marticorena, N. Whiteman, and M. Windham for assistance with collections, Dr. Gomez-Campo for providing seed, and N. Nagalingum for help with SEM figure layout. Scanning electron microscopy was done at UMSL, Central Institute of the Deaf (Washington University, St. Louis), and Harvard University Herbaria.

⁵ Author for correspondence (mbeilstein{at}oeb.harvard.edu)

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