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The origin and number of introductions of the Hawaiian endemic Silene species (Caryophyllaceae)¹

²Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; ³National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway; ⁴Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069 USA; ⁵Department of Botany, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 USA; and ⁶National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, Hawaii 96741 USA

ABSTRACT

The Hawaiian endemic Silene are a small group of woody or semiwoody representatives from a large, predominantly herbaceous, species-rich genus. We here investigated the origin and number of introductions of the endemic Hawaiian Silene based on phylogenetic relationships inferred from DNA sequences from both the plastid (the rps16 intron) and the nuclear (ribosomal internal transcribed sequences, ITS, and intron 23 of the RPB2 gene) genomes. Silene antirrhina, a widespread weedy American annual, is strongly supported as sister to a monophyletic group consisting of the Hawaiian Silene, indicating a single colonization event. There are no obvious morphological similarities between S. antirrhina and any of the species of Hawaiian Silene. Our results suggest an American origin for the Hawaiian endemics because that would require only a single trans-ocean dispersal. Two of the Hawaiian endemics (S. struthioloides and S. hawaiiensis) that form a subclade in the analyses have evolved woodiness after introduction to the Hawaiian Islands. Our results contribute to other recent results based on molecular phylogenetics that emphasize the American continent as a source area for the Hawaiian flora and support a striking morphological radiation and evolution of woodiness from a single introduction to the archipelago.

Key Words: Caryophyllaceae • Hawaiian Silene • ITS • phylogeny • RPB2 • rps16 • Silene antirrhina • woodiness

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				M. Popp and B. Oxelman Origin and evolution of North American polyploid Silene (Caryophyllaceae) Am. J. Botany, March 1, 2007; 94(3): 330 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]