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(American Journal of Botany. 2006;93:1808-1827.)
© 2006 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

Systematics and Phytogeography

Generic delimitation and relationships in Ebenaceae sensu lato: evidence from six plastid DNA regions1

Sutee Duangjai, Bruno Wallnöfer, Rosabelle Samuel7, Jérôme Munzinger and Mark W. Chase

Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030, Vienna, Austria; 3Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; 4Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010, Vienna, Austria; 5Laboratorie de Botanique, Centre IRD de Nouméa, BP. A5 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia; and 6Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK

ABSTRACT

Phylogenetic relationships of the pantropical family Ebenaceae s.l. were investigated using plastid DNA sequence data from six regions: atpB, matK, ndhF, trnK intron, trnL intron, and trnL-trnF spacer. Sampling included representatives of all currently recognized genera of Ebenaceae, Diospyros, Euclea, and Lissocarpa, and nearly all taxa that were previously recognized at the generic level, e.g., Cargillia, Gunisanthus, Maba, Macreightia, Royena, and Tetraclis. Our results strongly support monophyly of Ebenaceae s.l. and demonstrate that the previous infrafamilar classifications of the family do not circumscribe monophyletic groups. A new infrafamilial classification based on a phylogenetic approach is proposed here and consists of two subfamilies, Lissocarpoideae and Ebenoideae, and four genera, Lissocarpa, Euclea, Royena, and Diospyros. Relationships and potential synapomorphic characters are discussed and summarized. This study supports a western Gondwanan origin of family and indicates that both vicariant and long-distance dispersal events played an important role in attaining current distributions.

Key Words: atpB • Ebenaceae • infrafamilial classification • matK • ndhF • phylogenetic relationships • trnK intron • trnL-trnF region


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