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(American Journal of Botany. 2006;93:94-101.)
© 2006 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

Ecology

Effects of insect-resistance transgenes on fecundity in rice (Oryza sativa, Poaceae): a test for underlying costs1

Liang-Yan Chen2, Allison A. Snow3, Feng Wang4 and Bao-Rong Lu2,5

2Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433 China; 3Department of Evolution, Ecology, & Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1293 USA; 4Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003 China

ABSTRACT

Understanding the balance between yield benefits and possible underlying yield costs that are associated with transgenic cultivars is useful for evaluating crop performance and the fitness of crop-wild hybrid progeny, but few researchers have tested for such costs under rigorous experimental conditions. We examined shifts in net costs and benefits of insect-resistance transgenes in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) using two levels of insect pressure (low vs. moderate) and two types of competition (pure vs. mixed lines). We compared the growth and fecundity of potted rice plants from three transgenic lines, Bt, CpTI, and Bt/CpTI, relative to isogenic control plants at outdoor locations in Fuzhou, China. Net yield costs were detected, but only in Bt/CpTI plants in mixed-line competition with low insect pressure. These plants produced 16% fewer tillers, 6% smaller seeds, and 30% fewer seeds than competing control plants. Under moderate insect pressure, Bt and Bt/CpTI plants produced 36–65% more seeds than controls, but the net benefit for Bt/CpTI plants disappeared in mixed-line competition pots. To our knowledge, this is the first report of yield costs in cultivars with transgenic insect resistance. Our results suggest that these costs may be negligible in monotypic rice fields, especially when target insects are abundant.

Key Words: fecundity • fitness • gene flow • genetically modified • insect resistant • Oryza sativa • transgene • yield cost






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