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Comparative developmental series of the Mexican triurids support a euanthial interpretation for the unusual reproductive axes of Lacandonia schismatica (Triuridaceae)¹

²Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.P. 70-275, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F. 04510, México; ³Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand; ⁴Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, A.P. 70-356, México D.F. 04510 México; ⁵Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK and Micromorphology Group, Jodrell Lab., Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW93A13, UK; ⁶Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México D.F. 04510, México

ABSTRACT

The enigmatic monocotyledon family Triuridaceae is composed of inconspicuous mycoheterotrophs, that have been variously interpreted. We present here the first report of a thorough floral developmental series for any member of the Triuridaceae. The two known Mexican Triuridaceae species were studied with anatomical sections and scanning electron microscopy. While both species have ephemeral and reduced radially symmetric flowers arising in a counterclockwise spiral on racemose inflorescences, Lacandonia schismatica is hermaphroditic with a central androecium and Triuris brevistylis is dioecious. Tepals are connately fused at their bases, and during development the subapical caudal tips continue to elongate, while at maturity the tepals are reflexed. Carpel primordia develop centrifugally from compound primordia in both species, with contrasting androecium development. In Lacandonia schismatica stamen and carpel primordia arise from a common precursor. The two species differ in tepal and carpel number and timing of organ development. This paper provides a developmental framework to understand floral characters in the Triuridaceae. Notably, we addressed if L. schismatica and T. brevistylis bear true flowers or pseudanthia, and our data support the former. The role of particular genes in determining the floral developmental patterns studied and the evolutionary significance of these patterns are discussed.

Key Words: flower development • homeosis • Lacandon Forest (Chiapas, Mexico) • Lacandonia • Lacandoniaceae • mycoheterotrophs • pseudanthia • Triuridaceae

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