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(American Journal of Botany. 2005;92:1189-1198.)
© 2005 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

Systematics and Phytogeography

Molecular phylogenetics of Limonium and related genera (Plumbaginaceae): biogeographical and systematic implications1

M. Dolores Lledó2,4, Manuel B. Crespo3, Michael F. Fay2 and Mark W. Chase2

2Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK; 3CIBIO (Instituto de la Biodiversidad), Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain

ABSTRACT

Phylogenetic relationships within Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) are evaluated using sequence data from three plastid regions (rbcL, the trnL intron, and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer). Sixty-six species representing the major genera of Staticoideae, including representatives of all sections and genera formerly included in Limonium, have been analyzed using four species of Plumbaginoideae as an outgroup. Analyses of each separate and combined data set yield similar results. Afrolimon is embedded in Limonium and related to L. vulgare, the type of Limonium. Limonium is split into two major clades corresponding to subgenera, but otherwise the current infrageneric classification proved to be artificial. Some groups restricted to particular areas can be recognized, and their synapomorphies are discussed. The presence of an isolated taxon in the Canary Islands is used as a calibration point for age estimates of the major events in the genus, including migrations to the Southern Hemisphere, the Canary Islands, and Asia. The rapid radiation of Limonium in the Mediterranean basin appears to coincide with the desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea in the Messinian (late Miocene).

Key Words: biogeography • Canary Islands • Limonium • Messinian • molecular phylogenetics • nonparametric rate smoothing (NPRS) • Plumbaginaceae • rbcL • trnL intron • trnL-F spacer






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