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(American Journal of Botany. 2005;92:1102-1113.)
© 2005 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

Ecology

Mechanisms for tolerating freeze–thaw stress of two evergreen chaparral species: Rhus ovata and Malosma laurina (Anacardiaceae)1

R. B. Pratt2,4, F. W. Ewers3, M. C. Lawson2, A. L. Jacobsen3, M. M. Brediger2 and S. D. Davis2

2Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California 90263 USA; 3Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA

ABSTRACT

The response to freeze–thaw stress was examined for two co-occurring evergreen species, Malosma laurina and Rhus ovata. Laboratory and field experiments on adults and seedlings were made in the spring and winter in 1996 and again on adults in 2003 and 2004. Laboratory and field results indicated that the stem xylem for adults of M. laurina and R. ovata were similarly susceptible to freezing-induced cavitation (percentage loss of conductivity = 92 ± 2.6% for R. ovata and 90 ± 4.2% for M. laurina at ≤ –6°C). In contrast, leaves of M. laurina were more susceptible to freezing injury than leaves of R. ovata. Among seedlings in the field, leaves of M. laurina exhibited freezing injury at –4°C and total shoot mortality at –7.2°C, whereas co-occurring seedlings of R. ovata were uninjured. Surprisingly, R. ovata tolerates high levels of freezing-induced xylem embolism in the field, an apparently rare condition among evergreen plants. Rhus ovata avoids desiccation when xylem embolism is high by exhibiting low minimum leaf conductance compared to M. laurina. These results suggest a link between minimum leaf conductance and stem hydraulics as a mechanism permitting the persistence of an evergreen leaf habit in freezing environments.

Key Words: Anacardiaceae • California • cavitation • chaparral • embolism • Malosma laurina • Rhus ovata • xylem




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A. L. Jacobsen, F. W. Ewers, R. B. Pratt, W. A. Paddock III, and S. D. Davis
Do Xylem Fibers Affect Vessel Cavitation Resistance?
Plant Physiology, September 1, 2005; 139(1): 546 - 556.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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