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An overview of the phylogenetic relationships within Epidendroideae inferred from multiple DNA regions and recircumscription of Epidendreae and Arethuseae (Orchidaceae)¹

²Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; ³Section of Integrative Biology and Plant Resources Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 USA; ⁴Ohio State University Herbarium, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Columbus, Ohio 43212 USA; ⁵The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126 USA

ABSTRACT

Phylogenetic relationships within the epidendroid orchids with emphasis on tribes Epidendreae and Arethuseae were assessed with parsimony and model-based analyses of individual and combined DNA sequence data from ITS nuclear ribosomal DNA and plastid trnL intron, the trnL-F spacer, matK (gene and spacers), and rbcL regions. Despite the absence of boostrap support for some of the relationships, a well-resolved and supported consensus was found, for which most clades were present in more than one individual analysis. Most clades of this consensus attained high posterior probabilities with a Bayesian approach. Circumscription of Arethuseae and Epidendreae are different from most orchid systems based on morphology, but they correspond to a combination of patterns from several less comprehensive orchid phylogenetic analyses previously published. A new circumscription of Epidendreae includes only Neotropical subtribes (Bletiinae, Chysiinae, Laeliinae, Ponerinae, and Pleurothallidinae), whereas Arethuseae include Coelogyninae (all Old World) and Arethusinae (pantropical). Many previously included genera will need to be moved to other tribes. Taxa previously assigned to be Old World Epidendreae are related to different groups of Old World orchids, and this study can serve as a guide for sampling strategies in future studies to resolve troublesome epidendroid orchid clades.

Key Words: Arethuseae • classification • Epidendreae • Epidendroideae • molecular phylogenetics • Orchidaceae

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