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Elatinaceae are sister to Malpighiaceae; Peridiscaceae belong to Saxifragales¹

²Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Herbarium, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2287 USA; ³Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS UK

Phylogenetic data from plastid (ndhF and rbcL) and nuclear (PHYC) genes indicate that, within the order Malpighiales, Elatinaceae are strongly supported as sister to Malpighiaceae. There are several putative morphological synapomorphies for this clade; most notably, they both have a base chromosome number of X = 6 (or some multiple of three or six), opposite or whorled leaves with stipules, unicellular hairs (also uniseriate in some Elatinaceae), multicellular glands on the leaves, and resin (Elatinacae) or latex (Malpighiaceae). Further study is needed to determine if these features are synapomorphic within the order. Malpighiaceae have previously been inferred as sister to Peridiscaceae based on rbcL sequence data, but the rbcL sequence of Whittonia is a chimera of two sequences, neither of which appears to be Whittonia. Our data from plastid (atpB, rbcL) and nuclear (18S rDNA) genes instead place Peridiscaeace as a member of the Saxifragales.

Key Words: Bergia • Elatine • Malpighiales • ndhF • Peridiscus • PHYC • Saxifragales • Whittonia

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