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The evolution of plant development¹

²Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 USA; ³Department of Genetics, Box 7614, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA

The last decade has witnessed a resurgence in the study of the evolution of plant development, combining investigations in systematics, developmental morphology, molecular developmental genetics, and molecular evolution. The integration of phylogenetic studies, structural analyses of fossil and extant taxa, and molecular developmental genetic information allows the formulation of explicit and testable hypotheses for the evolution of morphological characters. These comprehensive approaches provide opportunities to dissect the evolution of major developmental transitions among land plants, including those associated with apical meristems, the origins of the root/shoot dichotomy, diversification of leaves, and origin and subsequent modification of flower structure. The evolution of these major developmental innovations is discussed within both phylogenetic and molecular genetic contexts. We conclude that it is the combination of these approaches that will lead to the greatest understanding of the evolution of plant development.

Key Words: apical meristem • flower • leaf • origin • plant systematics • root • shoot

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