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Population genetic structure of wild Phaseolus lunatus (Fabaceae), with special reference to population sizes¹

²UFR des Sciences de la Nature, Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire; ³European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg, B-2440 Geel, Belgium; ⁴Unité de Phytotechnie tropicale et d'Horticulture, Faculté universitaire des Sciences agronomiques, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium

To set up an in situ conservation strategy for Phaseolus lunatus, we analyzed the genetic structure of 29 populations in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Using 22 enzyme loci, we quantified the proportion of polymorphic loci (P_p), the mean number of alleles per locus (A), and the mean effective number of alleles per locus (A_e), which equaled to 10.32%, 1.10, and 1.05, respectively. The total heterozygosity (H_T), the intrapopulation genetic diversity (H_S), and the interpopulation genetic diversity (D_ST) were 0.193, 0.082, and 0.111, respectively. The genotypic composition of the analyzed populations showed a deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg proportions (F_IT = 0.932). This disequilibrium was due to either genetic differentiation between populations (F_ST = 0.497) or nonrandom mating within populations (F_IS = 0.866). From the level of genetic differentiation between populations and the private alleles frequencies estimates, gene flow was calculated: Nm_W = 0.398 and Nm_S = 0.023, respectively. The results suggested that wild Lima bean maintains most of its isozyme variation among populations. Significant positive correlation was observed between population size and P_p, A, and H_o (observed heterozygosity), whereas no correlation was observed with the average fixation index of population (F). The loss of genetic variability in populations was attributed to inbreeding and the bottleneck effects that characterized the target populations. In situ conservation and management procedures for wild Lima bean are discussed.

Key Words: Costa Rica • Fabaceae • gene flow • genetic diversity • in situ conservation • isozymes • Lima bean • Phaseolus lunatus • population size

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