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Interactive effects of redox intensity and phosphate availability on growth and nutrient relations of Cladium jamaicense (Cyperaceae)¹

²Department of Plant Ecology, University of Aarhus, Nordlandsvej 68, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark; ³Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute, Louisiana State University, South Stadium Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA; ⁴U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, Louisiana 70506 USA; ⁵South Florida Water Management District, P.O. Box 24680, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, Florida 33406 USA

Expansion of Typha domingensis into areas previously dominated by Cladium jamaicense in the Florida Everglades has been linked to anthropogenic phosphorus (P) enrichment and increased hydroperiod. The principal stress factor for plants in flooded soils is biochemical reduction, the intensity of which is measured as redox potential (Eh). The objective of this study was to assess the growth response of C. jamaicense to Eh (–150, +150, and +600 mV) and P availability (10, 80, and 500 µg P/L). Plants were grown hydroponically in a factorial experiment using titanium (Ti³⁺) citrate as an Eh buffer. Treatment effects on growth, biomass partitioning, and tissue nutrients were recorded. Growth approximately doubled in response to a 50-fold increase in P availability. Low redox significantly reduced growth and tissue P concentration. While plant P concentrations increased 20-fold between the 10 and 500 µg P/L treatments, P concentrations were 50–100% higher at +600 mV than at –150 mV within each phosphate level. At high Eh, C. jamaicense appears well adapted to low nutrient environments because of its low P requirement and high retention of acquired P. However, at low Eh the ability to acquire or conserve acquired P decreases and as a consequence, higher phosphate levels are required to sustain growth. Findings of this study indicate that young C. jamaicense exhibits low tolerance to strongly reducing conditions when phosphate is scarce.

Key Words: Cladium jamaicense • Cyperaceae • Everglades • micronutrients • nutrient acquisition • nutrient allocation • nutrient use efficiency • photosynthesis • sawgrass • Typha domingensis

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