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Implications of ITS sequences and RAPD markers for the taxonomy and biogeography of the Oxytropis campestris and O. arctica (Fabaceae) complexes in Alaska¹

²Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6100 USA; ³Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland; ⁴National Centre for Biosystematics/Botanical Garden, Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, 1172 Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway

Taxonomic consensus is lacking on the Oxytropis arctica and O. campestris species complexes, two polyploid complexes found in the interior and arctic areas of Alaska. One classification has emphasized flower size, whereas flower color is considered a key diagnostic character in another classification. Our analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers provided no support for either classification system. The trees generated from ITS sequences and the phenogram derived from RAPD markers suggest that most recognized taxa in the two complexes are probably polyphyletic, including O. arctica var. barnebyana, which is listed as threatened in Alaska. The only consistent pattern detected by both types of molecular markers was a geographic split dividing the northeastern arctic populations from most other populations (48.60–55.03% in AMOVA analyses). This genetic subdivision probably reflects a Pleistocene barrier formed by the northern coastal ice shield. Our molecular data, in conjunction with the previously reported variation of ploidy levels in these groups, suggest a scenario of recent and multiple origins of polyploidy. It is possible that most Alaskan populations of these two complexes are best referred to as a single taxonomic species despite morphological differentiation within the complexes.

Key Words: Alaska, USA • arctic plant species complex • Fabaceae • ITS • morphological characters • Oxytropis • Pleistocene glaciations • RAPDs

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