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Phylogeny of the Macaronesian endemic Crambe section Dendrocrambe (Brassicaceae) based on internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA¹

²Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, and Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, Florida 33199 USA; ³Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid, 28014 Spain; ⁴Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 USA; ⁵Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava, Tenerife, 38400 Spain; ⁶Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA; ⁷Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 USA

The 14 species of Crambe L. sect. Dendrocrambe DC. (Brassicaceae) form a monophyletic group endemic to the Canary and Madeira archipelagos. Both parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of sequence data from the two internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to estimate phylogenetic relationships within this section. These analyses support the monophyly of three major clades. No clade is restricted to a single island, and therefore it appears that inter-island colonization has been the main avenue for speciation in these two archipelagos. The two species endemic to Fuerteventura (C. sventenii) and Madeira (C. fruticosa) comprise a clade, providing the first evidence for a floristic link between the Eastern Canary Islands and the archipelago of Madeira. Both maximum likelihood and weighted parsimony analyses show that this clade is sister to the two other clades, although bootstrap support for this relationship is weak. Parsimony optimizations of ecological zones and island distribution suggest a colonization route from the low-altitude areas of the lowland scrub toward the high-elevation areas of the laurel and pine forests. In addition, Tenerife is likely the ancestral island for species endemic to the five westernmost islands of Gran Canaria, La Gomera, El Hierro, La Palma, and Tenerife.

Key Words: adaptive radiation • angiosperms • biodiversity • biogeography • Crambe • evolution • Macaronesia • molecular systematics • oceanic islands • speciation

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