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Ribosomal DNA phylogeny of the Bangiophycidae (Rhodophyta) and the origin of secondary plastids¹

²Department of Botany and Dean's Office, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1 ³Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. Matão, Travessa 14, N. 321, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, CEP 05508-900 ⁴Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, 239 Biology Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-3110 USA

We sequenced the nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA coding region from 20 members of the Bangiophycidae and from two members of the Florideophycidae to gain insights into red algal evolution. A combined alignment of nuclear and plastid small subunit rDNA and a data set of Rubisco protein sequences were also studied to complement the understanding of bangiophyte phylogeny and to address red algal secondary symbiosis. Our results are consistent with a monophyletic origin of the Florideophycidae, which form a sister-group to the Bangiales. Bangiales monophyly is strongly supported, although Porphyra is polyphyletic within Bangia. Bangiophycidae orders such as the Porphyridiales are distributed over three independent red algal lineages. The Compsopogonales sensu stricto, consisting of two freshwater families, Compsopogonaceae and Boldiaceae, forms a well-supported monophyletic grouping. The single taxon within the Rhodochaetales, Rhodochaete parvula, is positioned within a cluster containing members of the Erythropeltidales. Analyses of Rubisco sequences show that the plastids of the heterokonts are most closely related to members of the Cyanidiales and are not directly related to cryptophyte and haptophyte plastid genomes. Our results support the independent origins of these secondary algal plastids from different members of the Bangiophycidae.

Key Words: Bangiophycidae • phylogeny • plastid • Rhodophyta • Rubisco • secondary symbiosis • small subunit rRNA

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