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A genetic analysis of hydrologically dispersed seeds of Hibiscus moscheutos (Malvaceae)¹

²Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan ³Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland 21037 USA

The dispersal of floating seeds in wetland habitats should influence the genetic characteristics of plant metapopulations. We examined gene flow of a hydrochorous wetland macrophyte, Hibiscus moscheutos L. (Malvaceae), by analyzing allozyme variation in current-year floating-seed populations. The genetic composition of floating seeds was compared to the genetic composition of established populations of H. moscheutos that had been previously analyzed in the same areas. The F statistics demonstrated that genetic structuring among floating-seed populations was weak or absent, indicating that seeds from source populations were thoroughly mixed. Floating-seed populations had an excess of homozygotes, a different situation than had previously been found in established populations. The exchange of seeds was greatest among H. moscheutos populations that were adjacent to a tidal stream. We conclude that populations adjacent to the tidal streams are part of a metapopulation that serves as a reserve of genetic variation in the system. Although established populations of H. moscheutos that are not close to the tidal stream are relatively isolated genetically, we found evidence that they also contribute to the floating-seed populations within the estuary.

Key Words: allozyme variation • gene flow • Hibiscus moscheutos • hydrochory • Malvaceae • metapopulation approach • seed dispersal • wetland plants

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