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A phylogenetic analysis of Diurideae (Orchidaceae) based on plastid DNA sequence data¹

²Natural Heritage Inventory, Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, 111 E. Chesapeake St., Norman, Oklahoma 73019 USA; ³Department of Botany-Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, 223 Cross Hall, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 USA; ⁴Royal Botanic Garden, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; ⁵Kings Park and Botanical Garden, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; ⁶Department of Conservation and Land Management, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; ⁷Cullman Molecular Systematics Laboratory, New York Botanical Gardens, Bronx, New York, USA; ⁸Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK

DNA sequence data from plastid matK and trnL-F regions were used in phylogenetic analyses of Diurideae, which indicate that Diurideae are not monophyletic as currently delimited. However, if Chloraeinae and Pterostylidinae are excluded from Diurideae, the remaining subtribes form a well-supported, monophyletic group that is sister to a "spiranthid" clade. Chloraea, Gavilea, and Megastylis pro parte (Chloraeinae) are all placed among the spiranthid orchids and form a grade with Pterostylis leading to a monophyletic Cranichideae. Codonorchis, previously included among Chloraeinae, is sister to Orchideae. Within the more narrowly delimited Diurideae two major lineages are apparent. One includes Diuridinae, Cryptostylidinae, Thelymitrinae, and an expanded Drakaeinae; the other includes Caladeniinae s.s., Prasophyllinae, and Acianthinae. The achlorophyllous subtribe Rhizanthellinae is a member of Diurideae, but its placement is otherwise uncertain. The sequence-based trees indicate that some morphological characters used in previous classifications, such as subterranean storage organs, anther position, growth habit, fungal symbionts, and pollination syndromes have more complex evolutionary histories than previously hypothesized. Treatments based upon these characters have produced conflicting classifications, and molecular data offer a tool for reevaluating these phylogenetic hypotheses.

Key Words: Acianthinae • Chloraeinae • Codonorchis • Diurideae • DNA sequences • matK • Megastylis • molecular systematics • monocots • Orchidaceae • phylogenetic relationships • trnL-F

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