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(American Journal of Botany. 2000;87:1228-1239.)
© 2000 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

Development of the gametophytes, flower, and floral vasculature in Dichorisandra thyrsiflora (Commelinaceae)1

Christopher R. Hardy5,2,3, Dennis Wm. Stevenson2,3 and Helen G. Kiss4

2 L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA; 3 New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 USA; and 4 Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 USA

The flowers of Dichorisandra thyrsiflora (Commelinaceae) are monosymmetric and composed of three sepals, three petals, six stamens, and three connate carpels. The anthers are poricidal and possess a wall of five cell layers (tapetum included). This type of anther wall, not previously observed in the Commelinaceae, is developmentally derived from the monocotyledonous type via an additional periclinal division and the persistence of the middle layers through anther dehiscence. Secondary endothecial thickenings develop in the cells of the two middle layers only. The tapetum is periplasmodial and contains raphides. Microsporogenesis is successive and yields both decussate and isobilateral tetrads. Pollen is shed as single binucleate grains. The gynoecium is differentiated into a globose ovary, hollow elongate style, and trilobed papillate stigma. Each locule contains six to eight hemianatropous to slightly campylotropous crassinucellar ovules with axile (submarginal) placentation. The ovules are bitegmic with a slightly zig-zag micropyle. Megagametophyte development is of the Polygonum type. The mature megagametophyte consists of an egg apparatus and fusion nucleus; the antipodals having degenerated. The floral vasculature is organized into an outer and inner system of bundles in the pedicel. The outer system becomes ventral carpellary bundles. All other floral vascular traces originate from the inner system.

Key Words: buzz pollination • Commelinaceae • Dichorisandra • embryology • floral development • floral vasculature • gametophyte development • poricidal anthers




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W. C. HRYCAN and A. R. DAVIS
Comparative Structure and Pollen Production of the Stamens and Pollinator-deceptive Staminodes of Commelina coelestis and C. dianthifolia (Commelinaceae)
Ann. Bot., June 1, 2005; 95(7): 1113 - 1130.
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