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RAPD marker diversity within and divergence among species of Dendroseris (Asteraceae: Lactuceae)¹

² Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026 USA; ³ Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA; ⁴ Department of Biology, Ashland Uiversity, Ashland, Ohio 44805 USA; ⁵ Department of Higher Plant Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; ⁶ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA; and ⁷ Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile

ABSTRACT

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to measure genetic diversity within and divergence among species of Dendroseris (Asteraceae: Lactuceae), a genus endemic to the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. Results were compared to previous studies employing allozymes. For five of the species, RAPD banding patterns distinguished all individuals examined, and different mutilocus genotypes were found even in species exhibiting no allozyme diversity. RAPD band diversities ranged from 0.003 to 0.022 within species; >90% of total diversity was among species and <10% within them. Relative levels of allozyme and RAPD diversity were similar for some species, particularly those with highest and lowest diversities, but overall there was no significant correlation. Relationships inferred from a neighbor-joining tree generated from RAPD bands were similar to results obtained from morphology, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site mutations, and sequences from the internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS), but somewhat better resolution was achieved. Relationships shown by allozymes differed from trees based on other data; this ostensibly is a result of the sharing of ancestral alleles and the absence of alleles generated subsequent to speciation. Dendroseris represents an example where RAPD markers, because of their greater variability, provide a useful alternative to allozymes for assessing diversity in rare species endemic to oceanic islands and for resolving relationships among the species.

Key Words: allozymes • Asteraceae • Dendroseris • genetic diversity • Juan Fernandez Islands • RAPD markers

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