HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (49) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Oliveira, M. C. Articles by Bhattacharya, D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Oliveira, M. C. Articles by Bhattacharya, D. Agricola Articles by Oliveira, M. C. Articles by Bhattacharya, D.

Phylogeny of the Bangiophycidae (Rhodophyta) and the secondary endosymbiotic origin of algal plastids¹

² Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. Matão, Travessa 14, N. 321, São Paulo, SP, Brazil CEP 05508–900; and ³ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, 239 Biology Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-3110 USA

ABSTRACT

The Rhodophyta (red algae) are composed of the subclasses Bangiophycidae and Florideophycidae. Two evolutionarily interesting features of the Bangiophycidae are: (1) they are the ancestral pool from which the more morphologically complex taxa in the Florideophycidae have arisen and (2) they are the sources of the plastids, through secondary endosymbioses, for the Cryptophyta, Haptophyta, and the Heterokonta. To understand Bangiophycidae phylogeny and to gain further insights into red algal secondary endosymbioses, we sequenced the plastid-encoded small subunit ribosomal DNA (rDNA) coding region from nine members of this subclass and from two members of the Florideophycidae. These sequences were included in phylogenetic analyses with all available red algal plus chlorophyll a + c algal plastid rDNA coding regions. Our results are consistent with a monophyletic origin of the Florideophycidae with these taxa forming a sister group of the Bangiales. The Bangiophycidae is of a paraphyletic origin with orders such as the Porphyridiales polyphyletic and distributed over three independent red algal lineages. The plastids of the heterokonts are most closely related to members of the Cyanidium–Galdieria group of Porphyridiales and are not directly related to cryptophyte and haptophyte plastids. The phylogenies provide strong evidence for the independent origins of these "complex" algal plastids from different members of the Bangiophycidae.

Key Words: Bangiophycidae • phylogeny • plastid • Rhodophyta • secondary endosymbiosis • small subunit rRNA

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. Khan, N. Parks, C. Kozera, B. A. Curtis, B. J. Parsons, S. Bowman, and J. M. Archibald Plastid Genome Sequence of the Cryptophyte Alga Rhodomonas salina CCMP1319: Lateral Transfer of Putative DNA Replication Machinery and a Test of Chromist Plastid Phylogeny Mol. Biol. Evol., August 1, 2007; 24(8): 1832 - 1842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. J. Patron, M. B. Rogers, and P. J. Keeling Gene Replacement of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase Supports the Hypothesis of a Single Photosynthetic Ancestor of Chromalveolates Eukaryot. Cell, October 1, 2004; 3(5): 1169 - 1175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Keeling Diversity and evolutionary history of plastids and their hosts Am. J. Botany, October 1, 2004; 91(10): 1481 - 1493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. W. Saunders and M. H. Hommersand Assessing red algal supraordinal diversity and taxonomy in the context of contemporary systematic data Am. J. Botany, October 1, 2004; 91(10): 1494 - 1507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. S. Yoon, J. D. Hackett, C. Ciniglia, G. Pinto, and D. Bhattacharya A Molecular Timeline for the Origin of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes Mol. Biol. Evol., May 1, 2004; 21(5): 809 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Xiao, A. H. Knoll, X. Yuan, and C. M. Pueschel Phosphatized multicellular algae in the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, China, and the early evolution of florideophyte red algae Am. J. Botany, February 1, 2004; 91(2): 214 - 227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. H. Chu, J. Qi, Z.-G. Yu, and V. Anh Origin and Phylogeny of Chloroplasts Revealed by a Simple Correlation Analysis of Complete Genomes Mol. Biol. Evol., January 1, 2004; 21(1): 200 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Harper and P. J. Keeling Nucleus-Encoded, Plastid-Targeted Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Indicates a Single Origin for Chromalveolate Plastids Mol. Biol. Evol., October 1, 2003; 20(10): 1730 - 1735. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. A. RAVEN, A. M. JOHNSTON, J. E. KUBLER, R. KORB, S. G. MCINROY, L. L. HANDLEY, C. M. SCRIMGEOUR, D. I. WALKER, J. BEARDALL, M. N. CLAYTON, et al. Seaweeds in Cold Seas: Evolution and Carbon Acquisition Ann. Bot., October 1, 2002; 90(4): 525 - 536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. Simpson and D. B. Stern The Treasure Trove of Algal Chloroplast Genomes. Surprises in Architecture and Gene Content, and Their Functional Implications Plant Physiology, July 1, 2002; 129(3): 957 - 966. [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Muller, M. C. Oliveira, R. G. Sheath, and D. Bhattacharya Ribosomal DNA phylogeny of the Bangiophycidae (Rhodophyta) and the origin of secondary plastids Am. J. Botany, August 1, 2001; 88(8): 1390 - 1400. [Full Text]

				T. B. Stibitz, P. J. Keeling, and D. Bhattacharya Symbiotic Origin of a Novel Actin Gene in the Cryptophyte Pyrenomonas helgolandii Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2000; 17(11): 1731 - 1738. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]