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Allozyme evidence for genetic autopolyploidy and high genetic diversity in tetraploid cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos (Ericaceae)¹

² Unité d'Ecologie et de Biogéographie, Université catholique de Louvain, place Croix du Sud-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; ³ Department of Biology, Campus Box 171, University of Colorado at Denver, P.O. Box 173364, Colorado 80217-3364 USA; ⁵ Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension Center, Rutgers University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019 USA

Polyploidy has been important in the evolution of angiosperms and may significantly affect population genetic diversity and structure. Nineteen isoenzyme loci were studied in diploid and tetraploid populations of Vaccinium oxycoccos (Ericaceae), and the results are compared with data previously reported for the related V. macrocarpon. Diploid V. oxycoccos and V. macrocarpon were readily discriminated based on their allozymic variation. No evidence for fixed heterozygosity was found in tetraploid V. oxycoccos. In contrast, all polymorphic loci exhibited both balanced and unbalanced heterozygotes, with some individuals exhibiting a pattern consistent with the presence of three alleles. These results support an autopolyploid origin for tetraploid V. oxycoccos. However, tetraploid V. oxycoccos possessed a suite of alleles not found in diploid V. oxycoccos; half of these alleles were shared with V. macrocarpon. This suggests that autotetraploid V. oxycoccos may have undergone hybridization with V. macrocarpon or that the autotetraploid retained the genetic variation present in an ancestral diploid species. Following theoretical expectations, proportion of polymorphic loci, mean number of alleles, and observed heterozygosity were significantly higher for the autotetraploid than for the diploid. Mean inbreeding (F_IS) was similar for diploid and tetraploid V. oxycoccos. The latter exhibited population differentiation (F_ST) exceeding both diploid species.

Key Words: allozyme variation • Ericaceae • F statistics • genetic diversity • polyploidy • Vaccinium macrocarpon • Vaccinium oxycoccos.

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