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Distribution and sequence analysis of the centromere-associated repetitive element CEN38 of Sorghum bicolor (Poaceae)¹

³ Investigen Inc., 851 West Midway Ave., Alameda, California 94501 USA; ⁴ Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 USA; and ⁵ Cabo Canaberal 3904, Colonia Rincon de la Primavera, Guadalupe, Nuevo, Leon, Mexico

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a large-insert genomic clone, BAC 22B2, previously suggested that Sorghum bicolor (2n = 20) has the tetraploid architecture A_bA_bB_bB_b. Here, we report on BAC 22B2 subclone pCEN38 (1047-bp insert) as related to sorghum and sugarcane. Mitotic FISH of six different subclones of BAC 22B2 showed that pCEN38 produced the strongest specificity to the A_b subgenome and signal occurred primarily near centromeres. Southern blots of pCEN38 to 21 crop plants revealed a narrow taxonomic distribution. Meiotic metaphase I FISH positioned pCEN38 sequences near active centromeres. Pachytene FISH revealed that the distributions are trimodal in several B_b and possibly all sorghum chromosomes. DNA sequencing revealed that the pCEN38 fragment contains three tandemly repeated dimers (<280 bp) of the same sequence family found in sorghum clone pSau3A10, and that each dimer consists of two divergent monomers (<140 bp). Sequence comparisons revealed homology between the pCEN38 monomers and the SCEN 140 bp tandem repeat family of sugarcane. FISH of pCEN38 yielded signal in centromere regions of most but not all sugarcane chromosomes. Results suggest that sugarcane and sorghum share at least one ancestor harboring elements similar to pCEN38 and SCEN and that each species had an ancestor in which the repetitive element was weakly present or lacking.

Key Words: centromere • FISH • Poaceae • polyploidy • sorghum • sugarcane • tandem repeat

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