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Genotypic variation for condensed tannin production in trembling aspen (POPULUS TREMULOIDES, salicaceae) under elevated CO₂ and in high- and low-fertility soil¹

²Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; ³University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, Michigan 49769; ⁴School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and ⁵School of Forestry and Lake Superior Ecosystems Research Center, Michigan Technological University,Houghton, Michigan 49931

The carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis suggests that leaf carbon to nitrogen ratios influence the synthesis of secondary compounds such as condensed tannins. We studied the effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide on carbon to nitrogen ratios and tannin production. Six genotypes of Populus tremuloides were grown under elevated and ambient CO₂ partial pressure and high- and low-fertility soil in field open-top chambers in northern lower Michigan, USA. During the second year of exposure, leaves were harvested three times (June, August, and September) and analyzed for condensed tannin concentration. The carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis was supported overall, with significantly greater leaf tannin concentration at high CO₂ and low soil fertility compared to ambient CO₂ and high soil fertility. However, some genotypes increased tannin concentration at elevated compared to ambient CO₂, while others showed no CO₂ response. Performance of lepidopteran leaf miner (Phyllonorycter tremuloidiella) larvae feeding on these plants varied across genotypes, CO₂, and fertility treatments. These results suggest that with rising atmospheric CO₂, plant secondary compound production may vary within species. This could have consequences for plant–herbivore and plant–microbe interactions and for the evolutionary response of this species to global climate change.

Key Words: carbon dioxide • condensed tannins • global change • plant–herbivore interaction • Populus tremuloides • Salicaceae

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